Related:
copy,
defend
GPLs help owners
left objects for
user
freedom.
RobMyers.org/wiki/index.php/Copyleft_Concepts
EyeMagazine.com/opinion.php?id=117&oid=290 >>It is clear that copyright is being misdirected from its original intention to that of meeting the needs of corporations desperate to safeguard existing profits and create new markets artificially.
http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/cyberone/wiki/The_Open_Patent_Project "'patentleft'"
----
Re mix of
http://GNU.org/copyleft
[image of a Philosophical Gnu]
Property
left is a
general method for
making an
Object
Free, and requiring all
Modified, Copied and
Shared versions of the
Object to be
Free as well.
De
sign such as
software or
genetics is not
rivalrous, so does not
need owners. But each
instance must be "
hosted" by
space,
mass and
energy to
store,
copy and ex
press it. Those
physical
sources such as
land,
water,
computers,
plants, etc. ARE
rivalrous, so must have
real owners for
privacy and
protection.
Property
left is a
trade
agreement between
owners that causes all
profit at each
trade be treated as
User in
vestment in more
physical
sources of that same
kind.
In this way,
Object
Users become
Owners of
physical
Sources at a rate de
termined directly by their
demand.
Paying
Costs indicates
demand, while
paying
Profit is a rough measure of future
demand, as is the
User
==Definitions within the context of this document
* Control:
Control of
Objects and
Sources is held by
Owners and weighted by their % of holdings in that
instance and it'
s divisibility; and also impacted by neighbors that
border the
Source if the
change is going to pollute or damage their
property.
* Object:
Objects are
Physical - such as spaghetti, or
Virtual - such as
software
object-
code.
* Source:
Sources may be
Physical - such as a
wheat plant, or
Virtual - such as
software
source-
code.
* User:
Users are the
Consumers and
Workers who
buy or
rent access to the
Objects of
physical
Sources.
* Consume:
Object
Consumers
need to gain
Source
Ownership for
Freedom and
Control.
* Own:
Owners
control according the amount they
pay to in
vestment and maintain.
* Demand:
Demand is measured by the
Price a
User is willing to
pay, and de
termines his in
vestment and maintenance of
Sources.
* Worker:
Workers do not become
Users through
Owners
paying them a
Wage, as the
Worker is not in
vesting unless he is
buying or
renting some
Free Sources to
complete the
job, and in those cases he does become
Owner in the amount he
pays above
cost,
just as any
Consumer does.
* Wage:
Wage is a
Cost claimed against
Source
Owners or
Object
Users who choose to hire a
Worker.
* Manage:
Owners may hire
managers to find and
organize
Workers, but
Workers can always reorganize and offer their
services as a
competition to those
managers if they
outgrow the
need for their
services, and
want to become more in
dependent.
* Free:
Freedom is maximized as
Power is minimized when
Users
Control.
* Power:
Power reduces the
Freedom of others by withholding
Source
control.
* Four
Freedoms:
Use(0),
Modify
(1),
Copy(2),
Share
(3).
* Cost: Paid by the
Owners for the last round of
production. Includes
Wages.
* Price: Paid by the
User as:
Cost +
Profit +
Growth.
* Profit: This
used to be taken by
Owners, but is now a
User in
vestment.
* Growth:
Progress in
natural when
Users In
vest according to their
demand.
The simplest way to
make a
physical
Source
free is to put it in a
public
place, un
protected. This allows
people to
share the
Objects of that
Source and their improvements, if they are so minded. But it also allows un
cooperative
people to take more of the
Objects than they paid toward the maintenance of the
Sources, or they may
Own and
organize many
Sources, but might hold them and their
Objects
proprietary, away from
users for the purpose of
profit. They may disallow others from ever u
sing the
Source, or they may
make
changes, many or few, and
distribute the resulting
Objects as a
proprietary
product.
People who
want to
use the
Object or a
modified form do not have the
Freedom that the original
Owner gave; the
middleman has stripped it away.
In the
GNU project, our aim is to give all
users the
freedom to
use GNU Objects. If
middlemen could strip off the
freedom, we might have many
users, but those
users would not have
freedom. So instead of putting a
GNU Object in the
public domain, we
property
left it.
Property
left says that anyone who
uses the
Object, with or without
changes, must pass along those
Freedoms.
Property
left guarantees that every
User has
freedom to
access the
physical
sources.
Property
left also provides an in
centive for
Owners and
Workers to add to
free sources.
Property
left also
helps in
vestors of
money or
effort who
want to contribute improvements to
Free Objects get
permission to do that. These in
vestors often
work for
companies or
universities that would do almost any
thing to get more
profit. An in
vestor may
want to contribute her
changes to the
community, but her
employer may
want to turn the
changes into a
proprietary
product.
When we explain to the
employer that it is il
legal to
distribute the improved version except as a
free Object, the
employer usually decides to release it as a
free Object rather than throw it away.
To
property
left an
Object, we first
state that it is
Owned; then we add
use and
distribution
terms, which are a
legal instrument that gives everyone the
rights to
Use,
Modify,
Copy and
Share the
Object or any
Object derived from it but only if the
distribution
terms are un
changed. Thus, the
Use and the
Freedoms become
legally inseparable.
Proprietary
owners
use property
rights to take away the
users'
freedom; we
use property
rights to guarantee their
freedom. That'
s why we reverse the
terms,
changing
property
right into
property
left.
Property
left is a
general concept; there are many ways to fill in the details. In the
GNU Project, the specific
distribution
terms that we
use are contained in the
GNU GeneralPublicLaw?. The
GNU General Public Law is often called the
GNU GPL for short.
This
law is de
signed so that you can easily apply it to your
own objects, assuming you are the
owner. You don’t have to
modify the
law to do this,
just include a
copy of the
law in or on the
object, and add notices in or on the
sources of that
object that refer
properly to the
law.
U
sing the same
terms for many
diffe
rent objects
makes it easy to various
diffe
rent objects in harmony. Since they all have the same
terms, there is no
need to think about whether the
terms are
compatible.